Inclusion Criteria:

• Pediatric patients < 18 years of age who underwent treatment for cholelithiasis with cholecystectomy and IOC, with or without ERCP or MRCP.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Pediatric patients with biliary anomalies (choledochal cyst, annular pancreas, prior cholecystectomy), cholangitis, gallstone pancreatitis, history of pancreatic/biliary trauma, and those with incomplete records.